请教老师 单元练习5 最后一题

guoxiaojing

  Please explain the focal points of Hobbe’s Theory of the Social Contract.

1) Hobbes maintained that in order to get men out of the miserable condition of war, keep them in awe, and tie them by fear of punishment to the performance of their agreements, and observation of the laws of nature, it is necessary that there should be a common power or government backed by force and able to punish.

2) To escape anarchy, men enter into a social contract, by which they submit to the sovereign. In return for conferring all their powers and strength to the sovereign, men attain peace and security.

In Hobbes’ theory, the powers of the sovereign must be absolute, and it is only by the centralization of authority in one person that the evil can be avoided. And the sovereign is not a party himself to the social contract.

3) The subjects of the sovereign can neither change the form of government, nor repudiate the authority of the sovereign. Rebellion is wrong, which will lead men back to the natural state of war. As to the form of government, Hobbes preferred monarchy.

4) Hobbes believed that government was not created by God, but by men themselves.

老师：您好，关于5单元练习最后一题 ：

第1点红色我不太理解什么意思？

第2点红色 君主不是社会契约一方 怎么理解呢？

第3点，君主的服从者 既不能改变政府形式，也不能否定君主的权威，反抗是错误的，会使人民回到战争的原始状态（就是第1点所指的战争的悲惨状态），关于政府的形式，霍布斯更偏向君主制。老师，我这样理解对吗？

看了几遍录播课还是不明白，烦请老师帮忙理解一下，谢谢您！

bwolhujintao

对的，你对霍布斯观点的大致理解是对的。霍布斯和洛克都发表了对于social contract的看法。
而霍布斯是支持君主专制的（见课本203页，也即本题答案中的第2条）To escape anarchy, men enter into a social contract, by which they submit to the sovereign. ---为了摆脱这种混乱无序的无政府状态，人们互相之间就签订了一个社会契约，他们向君主臣服。在此基础上，君主就拥有了绝对的权威，凌驾于普通人之上，由此“And the sovereign is not a party himself to the social contract“. ---因此君主本人不能算作社会契约的一个签订方。
这个观点这么指明，主要是为了同洛克的观点区分开来，因为洛克是反对“君权神授”的。洛克认为人生而平等，私有财产需要得到保护。

bwolhujintao

霍布斯的第一条观点：
in order to get men out of the miserable condition of war, keep them in awe and tie them by fear of punishment to the performance of their agreements, and observation of the laws of nature, it is necessary that there should be a common power or government backed by force and able to punish.
人类要走出战争，让人敬畏，履行协议，遵守自然法则，有武力支持的共同权力或政府作出惩罚是必须的

guoxiaojing

老师，您说的我理解了，谢谢您，第一点这里

guoxiaojing

guoxiaojing 发表于 2023-6-21 16:52
老师，您说的我理解了，谢谢您，第一点这里

老师，这里的tie them by fear of punishment to the performance of their agreement,这里的tie to是连接的意思，fear of punishment,意思是因为人民害怕惩罚 导致 人民履行协议，臣服于政府的权力。这样理解对吗？

bwolhujintao

tie ...to 使束缚于
fear of punishment 害怕受到惩罚
the performance of their agreement 履行协议的情况

把这个分句放到整个句子里来看，就是“人类要走出战争，让人敬畏，履行协议，遵守自然法则，有武力支持的共同权力或政府作出惩罚是必须的”

guoxiaojing

bwolhujintao 发表于 2023-6-23 15:41
tie ...to 使束缚于
fear of punishment 害怕受到惩罚
the performance of their agreement 履行协议的情 ...

好的，谢谢老师